Volume 3,Issue 2
虚拟电厂低碳能源转型政策机制与实践
在全球能源低碳转型的背景下,虚拟电厂(VPP)作为聚合分布式能源资源的创新技术,已经成为提升电网灵活性与促进可再生能源消纳的关键手段。本文系统分析了VPP 的运行框架、政策体系及电- 碳协同机制,深入探讨了VPP 在推动能源系统低碳化转型中的重要作用。首先,从概念内涵和运行框架两个维度对VPP 进行理论解析,并通过与传统电厂、微电网的对比研究,阐明其技术特征和功能定位。其次,基于政策文本分析方法,梳理了我国VPP 发展的政策支持体系,重点分析了国家的政策演进及其对VPP 市场化的推动作用。在运行机制方面,研究了VPP 参与电- 碳联合市场的协同模式,探讨了碳交易机制与电- 碳市场耦合对VPP 低碳效益的影响。最后,通过典型案例分析,总结了我国VPP 从邀约型向交易型转型过程中的技术创新路径和商业运营模式。本文的研究为VPP的规模化发展提供了理论支撑和实践参考,对实现“双碳”目标和构建新型电力系统具有重要意义。
[1] 雷恺杰.基于“双碳”背景的电力行业节能减排分析[J].节能,2025,44(03):19-21.
LEI K J.Energy-saving and emission reduction analysis of electric power industry based on the background of “double carbon”[J].Energy Conservation,2025,44(03):19-21.
[2] 叶幸, 邱辰, 艾琳, 辛颂旭, 郭雁珩. “双碳”目标下可再生能源绿证与碳交易衔接机制的思考[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(5): 12-20.
YE Xing, QIU Chen, AI Lin, XIN Songxu, GUO Yanheng. Connection mechanism between green certificates and carbon trading mechanism under the "double carbon" target[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(5): 12-20.
[3] 彭道刚,税纪钧,王丹豪,等“双碳”背景下虚拟电厂研究综述[J].发电技术,2023,44(05):602-615.
PENG D G,SHUI J Y,LU Z X,et al.Review of virtual power plant under the background of “dual carbon”[J].Power Generation Technology,2023,44(05):602-615.
[4] 赵行明,潘海捷.集群控制基站备电资源打造铁塔集团“虚拟电厂”[J].产业创新研究,2024,(16):8-10.
ZHAO X M,PAN H J.Cluster control base station backup power resources to create a “virtual power plant” for China Tower Group[J].Industrial Innovation,2024,(16):8-10.
[5] WEI X,XU Y L,SUN H B,et al.Day-ahead optimal dispatch of a virtual power plant in the joint energy-reserve-carbon market[J].Applied Energy,2024,356122459-.
[6] WANG P C,GE Y,YU N,et al.Low-carbon optimal dispatch of virtual power plant based on time-of-use ladder carbon emission rights exchange mechanism[J].Systems Science & Control Engineering,2023,11(1):.
[7] 刘超波,李新利,时于凯,等.考虑变热价-综合需求响应的虚拟电厂低碳经济调度[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2024,51(06);30-41.
LIU C B,LI X L,SHI Y K,et al.Low carbon economic dispatching of virtual power plant considering changing heat price-integrated demand response[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition),2024,51(06);30-41.
[8] 左娟,艾芊,王文博,等.虚拟电厂标准化现状及体系架构设计[J/OL].电力系统自动化,1-13[2025-05-26].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1180.TP.20250326.1417.002.html.
ZUO J,AI Q,WANG W B,et al.Standardization status and system architecture design virtual power plant[J/OL].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1-13[2025-05-26].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1180.TP.20250326.1417.002.html.
[9] 俞庆.虚拟电厂业务发展的难点与建议[J].中国电力企业管理,2025,(04):8-9.
YU Q.Difficulties and suggestions for the development of virtual power plant business[J].China Power Enterprise Management,2025,(04):8-9.
[10] 杨挺,张剑,蔡绍堂,等.计及隐私数据保护的多虚拟电厂协同调度方法[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2024,57(08):836-846.
YANG T,ZHANG J,CAI S T,et al.Collaborative scheduling method for multivirtual power plants considering privacy data protection[J].Journal of Tianjin University(Science and Technology),2024,57(08):836-846.
[11] 黄宇翔,黄蔚亮,牛振勇,等.虚拟电厂市场机制与盈利模式及欧洲运行实例分析[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(09):17-30.
HUANG Y X,HUANG W L,NIU Z Y,et al.Market mechanisms and profit modes of virtual power plants and analysis of their operation cases in europe[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(09):17-30.
[12] 刘念.虚拟电厂优化配置及低碳经济运行策略研究[D].辽宁:沈阳工业大学,2024.
LIU N.Research on optimal configuration and low carbon economic operation strategy of virtual power plant[D].Liaoning:Shenyang University of Technology,2024.
[13] 傅中兴,邹蓉蓉,王佳宁,等.商业型与技术型虚拟电厂优化调度技术研究[J].机电信息,2019,(18):96-97.
FU Z X,ZOU R R,WANG J N,et al.Research on optimal scheduling technology of commercial and technical virtual power plants[J].Mechanical and Electrical Information,2019,(18):96-97.
[14] 刘浩杰.虚拟电厂建设的成效、挑战及对策建议[J].发展研究,2025,42(02):37-43.
LIU H J.The effect,challenge and countermeasures of virtual power plant construction[J].Development Research,2025,42(02):37-43.
[15] 周倜然.市场交易型虚拟电厂将迎来广阔空间[N].中国电力报,2025-05-16(004).
ZHOU T R.Market trading virtual power plants will usher in broad space[N].China Electric Power News,2025-05-16(004).
[16] 张钧钊.虚拟电厂参与电-碳联合市场的交易机制及竞价策略研究[D].河南:郑州大学,2023.
ZHANG J Z.Research on the trading mechanism and bidding strategy of virtual power plants participating in the combined electricity and carbon market[D].Henan: Zhengzhou University,2023.
[17] 雷若愚.考虑碳交易的虚拟电厂优化运行及收益分配研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2021.
LEI R Y.The optimal operation and revenue allocation of virtual power plant considering carbon trading[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2021.
[18] 郭康壮,赵俊,李海斌,等.考虑碳交易和需求响应的虚拟电厂低碳经济调度[J].分布式能源,2025,10(02):69-80.
GUO K Z,ZHAO J,LI H T,et al.Low carbon economic dispatch of virtual power plants considering carbon trading and demand response[J].Distributed Energy,2025,10(02):69-80.
[19] 陈浩, 马刚, 钱达, 马健, 彭乐瑶. 绿证-碳交易机制下考虑阶梯需求响应的区域综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(5): 21-30.
CHEN Hao, MA Gang, QIAN Da, MA Jian, PENG Leyao. Optimization of regional integrated energy systems under green certificate and carbon trading mechanism considering tiered demand response[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(5): 21-30.
[20] 洪迎桓.计及碳交易的虚拟电厂优化调度模型[J].云南水力发电,2025,41(02):177-181.
HONG Y H.A virtual power plant optimal dispatching model considering carbon trading[J].Yunnan Water Power,2025,41(02):177-181.
[21] 王博闻,张博涵,鲁宇,等.考虑碳交易的多虚拟电厂主从博弈协调策略[J].电力需求侧管理,2025,27(01):80-87.
WANG B W,ZHANG B H,LU Y,et al.Multi-virtual power plant master-slave game coordination strategy considering carbon trading[J].Power Demand Side Management,2025,27(01):80-87.
[22] 舒征宇,朱凯翔,王灿,等.考虑碳交易的虚拟电厂日前电力市场竞价策略[J].电力工程技术,2024,43(05):58-68.
SHU Z Y,ZHU K X,WANG C,et al.Virtual power plants participating in day-ahead electricity market bidding strategy considering carbon trading[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2024,43(05):58-68.
[23] 钟永洁,汤成俊,王紫东,等.我国虚拟电厂的发展演进和关键技术及难点分析[J].浙江电力,2025,44(02):13-31.
ZHONG Y J,TANG C J,WANG Z D,et al.Analysis of the evolution,key technologies,and challenges of virtual power plants in China[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2025,44(02):13-31.
[24] 张文博, 秦文萍, 刘佳昕, 陈玉梅, 刘博洋, 赵桉霆. 绿证-电-碳耦合市场下计及需求响应与租赁共享储能的VPP鲁棒优化调度策略[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(5): 31-40.
ZHANG Wenbo, QIN Wenping, LIU Jiaxin, CHEN Yumei, LIU Boyang, ZHAO Anting. Robust optimization scheduling strategy for virtual power plants considering demand response and leasing shared energy storage under the green certificate-electricity- carbon coupled market[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(5): 31-40.